Moody''s Downgrades Government of Kenya''s Issuer Rating to B2 and Assigns Stable Outlook

Wednesday, February 14, 2018 /08:30 AM / Moody’s Investors Service

Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") has today downgraded the issuer rating of the Government of Kenya to B2 from B1 and assigned a stable outlook. This concludes the review for downgrade that commenced on October 2, 2017.

The drivers of the downgrade relate to an erosion of fiscal metrics and rising liquidity risks that point to overall credit metrics consistent with a B2 rating. The fiscal outlook is weakening with a rise in debt levels and deterioration in debt affordability that Moody's expects to continue. In turn, large gross financing needs and reliance on commercial external debt will maintain government liquidity pressures. While the government aims to improve the efficiency of spending and revenues, such measures are unlikely to be effective enough to stem a weakening in fiscal trends.

At B2, risks are balanced, and supportive of a stable outlook. Kenya retains strong fundamental economic strengths with a relatively diversified economy that holds strong growth potential. Moreover, Kenya has a relatively deep capital market and mature financial sector, which affords the government some capacity to issue domestically in local currency and with longer tenors.

Concurrently, Moody's has lowered the long-term foreign-currency bond ceiling to Ba3 from Ba2 and the long-term foreign-currency deposit ceiling to B3 from B2. Moody's has also lowered the long-term local-currency bond and deposit ceilings to Ba2 from Ba1.

Ratings Rationale

Rationale for Downgrade to B2

Erosion of Fiscal Strength Due to A Rise In Debt Levels And Deterioration In Debt Affordability
Moody's expects Kenya's fiscal metrics to continue deteriorate, as large primary deficits combine with worsening debt affordability and rising debt levels.

Moody's forecasts government debt to increase to 61% of GDP in fiscal year 2018/19 (the year ending in June 2019), from 56% of GDP in FY 2016/17 and 41% of GDP in FY 2011/12. Large infrastructure-related development spending needs combined with subdued revenue collection and a rising cost of debt will result in large fiscal deficits and keep government debt on an upward trend. Moody's expects the primary deficit to remain above 4.0% of GDP over the next two years, after 5.3% of GDP in FY 2016/17.

Debt affordability is deteriorating as reflected by the increase in government interest payments as a share of revenue to 19% in FY2017/18, from 13.7% in FY2012/13. We expect a further rise to 20% in 2018. Kenya's government external debt, which stood at 31.6% of GDP as of June 2017, continues to shift away from concessional debt toward commercial and semi-concessional debt, leading to higher financing costs. Between June 2013 and June 2017, the share of commercial external debt increased from 7% to 31% of total external debt. An increase in the stock of short-term domestic debt as a percentage of GDP also contributes to a rising interest burden.

Structural fiscal reform will be key to approaching the government's ambitious medium-term objectives of fiscal consolidation and strengthening fiscal resilience, but are unlikely to have a material nearer-term impact on fiscal performance.

Efforts to streamline and modernize public spending can result in improvements in efficiency, which would create fiscal space for development spending or to limit fiscal imbalances. Kenya's expenditure reform plans include 'zero-based budgeting' to reduce wasteful spending, better management of the public wage bill, and increased planning and budgeting of public investments.

The Kenyan Treasury also plans to focus on improving the efficiency of tax collection and compliance by increasing the capacity of the Kenyan Revenue Authority, rolling out IT-related measures to reduce undervaluation of taxable income and concealment of imports, and expanding the tax base through targeted measures aimed at the informal sector of the economy.

Although the government aims to reduce the size of the fiscal deficit, given a mixed track record in terms of implementation of fiscal consolidation and demands for development and social spending on the government's budget, effective fiscal consolidation is likely to be slower than the government envisages and unlikely to be sufficient to reverse the deterioration in fiscal strength.

Rising Government Liquidity Risk
The government will continue to face liquidity pressures due to a combination of large financing needs and an increased reliance on sources of financing with less predictable costs, in particular commercial external borrowing and short-term domestic debt. Financing needs will increase to high levels compared with other sovereigns, at around 22% of GDP by FY 2018/19, having reached 19% of GDP in FY 2016/17.

The risk of financing stress will increase as more commercial external borrowing, denominated in foreign currency, begins to mature over the next few years, particularly in an environment of rising global interest rates and a number of sub-Saharan African sovereigns seeking refinancing at the same time. Kenya's first Eurobond payment of $750 million (1% of forecast GDP) is due in June 2019, followed by a second $2 billion Eurobond maturing in 2024. A syndicated loan originally taken out in 2015 and worth $750 million was extended by six months in October 2017, with 90% of investors agreeing to extend the maturity to April 2018.

The increase in short-term domestic debt, to 9.4% of GDP at the end of FY 2016/17 from 3.3% of GDP five years earlier, will also test the capacity of the government to roll over a large stock of debt on the domestic market at moderate costs.

Rationale for Stable Outlook
The stable outlook reflects the broadly balanced credit pressures at the B2 rating level.

Kenya's economic strength is supported by a relatively diversified economy with high growth potential at around 6.0-6.5%, which provides some capacity to absorb economic shocks. In turn, a relatively stable economy limits the risk of a sudden slump in the government's revenue base.

Moreover, Kenya has a relatively deep capital market and mature financial sector, which affords the government some capacity to issue domestically in local currency and with longer tenors -- alongside short-term debt issuance. We estimate that the average maturity of outstanding domestic bonds with an initial maturity of more than 364 days stood at 7 years in August 2017. Furthermore, liquidity pressures are somewhat mitigated by the central government's deposits within the domestic banking sector, estimated at 6% of GDP at the end of FY 2016/17, which could be used as a financing source in case of need.

Factors That Could Lead to An Upgrade
The effective implementation of structural fiscal reforms to narrow the fiscal deficit, which would stabilize and eventually reduce the debt burden, improve debt affordability and reduce liquidity risks would put upward pressure on Kenya's rating.

Factors That Could Lead to A Downgrade
Downward pressure on the rating would emerge if fiscal slippage were to lead to a more rapid increase in the debt burden than Moody's currently expects. A sustained increase in borrowing costs, denoting more intense liquidity pressure than Moody's assesses, would also put downward pressure on Kenya's credit metrics and rating.

GDP per capita (PPP basis, US$): 3,540 (2017 Actual) (also known as Per Capita Income)

Real GDP growth (% change): 4.7% (2017 Actual) (also known as GDP Growth)

Inflation Rate (CPI, % change Dec/Dec): 4.5% (2017 Actual)

Gen. Gov. Financial Balance/GDP: -8.9% (2016-17 Actual Fiscal Year) (also known as Fiscal Balance)

Current Account Balance/GDP: -6.1% (2017 Actual) (also known as External Balance)

External debt/GDP: 30.0% (2017 Actual)

Level of economic development: Low level of economic resilience

Default history: At least one default event (on bonds and/or loans) has been recorded since 1983.

On 08 February 2018, a rating committee was called to discuss the rating of the Kenya, Government of. The main points raised during the discussion were: The issuer's fiscal or financial strength, including its debt profile, has materially decreased. The issuer has become increasingly susceptible to event risks.

The principal methodology used in this rating was Sovereign Bond Ratings published in December 2016. Please see the Rating Methodologies page on www.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology

The weighting of all rating factors is described in the methodology used in this credit rating action, if applicable.

Regulatory Disclosures
For ratings issued on a program, series or category/class of debt, this announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to each rating of a subsequently issued bond or note of the same series or category/class of debt or pursuant to a program for which the ratings are derived exclusively from existing ratings in accordance with Moody's rating practices. For ratings issued on a support provider, this announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to the credit rating action on the support provider and in relation to each particular credit rating action for securities that derive their credit ratings from the support provider's credit rating.

For provisional ratings, this announcement provides certain regulatory disclosures in relation to the provisional rating assigned, and in relation to a definitive rating that may be assigned subsequent to the final issuance of the debt, in each case where the transaction structure and terms have not changed prior to the assignment of the definitive rating in a manner that would have affected the rating. For further information please see the ratings tab on the issuer/entity page for the respective issuer on www.moodys.com.

For any affected securities or rated entities receiving direct credit support from the primary entity(ies) of this credit rating action, and whose ratings may change as a result of this credit rating action, the associated regulatory disclosures will be those of the guarantor entity. Exceptions to this approach exist for the following disclosures, if applicable to jurisdiction: Ancillary Services, Disclosure to rated entity, Disclosure from rated entity.

Regulatory disclosures contained in this press release apply to the credit rating and, if applicable, the related rating outlook or rating review.

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