Reviews & Outlooks | |
Reviews & Outlooks | |
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Monday, February
05, 2018/ 12:37PM / Fitch Ratings
Fitch Ratings has affirmed the Long-Term Issuer
Default Ratings (IDR) of FBN Holdings Plc (FBNH) and First Bank of Nigeria Ltd
(FBN). The Outlooks are Negative. The banks' Viability Ratings (VR) have been
affirmed at 'b-' and the Support Ratings at '5'. The Long-Term National Ratings
have been affirmed at 'BB+(nga)'.
A full list of rating actions is at the end of
this rating action commentary.
Key Rating Drivers
IDRS, National Ratings And VR
FBNH is the non-operating holding company which
owns FBN. FBNH's ratings are aligned with those of FBN, its main operating
subsidiary. FBN's ratings are driven by its standalone creditworthiness.
Reducing the group's dependence on contributions from FBN is a medium-term
target. Currently, FBN generates around 90% of group revenues, but the
objective is to increase contributions from other subsidiaries over time. FBN
represents around 95% of consolidated group assets.
FBN is one of Nigeria's largest banks, with shares
of 14% and 17% of banking sector loans and deposits, respectively. FBNH has a
strong franchise but its asset quality is troubled and capital levels are not
commensurate with risk, in our view, reflecting high impaired loans. In the
past, the group's business model was reliant on large, often oil-related,
corporate lending. Risk-control deficiencies are being addressed by new
management.
Gross loans represent slightly below half of
FBNH's balance sheet. Around 40% of gross loans are extended to the oil and gas
sectors, many of which have been restructured. In our view, restructuring
efforts made to align debt servicing schedules with projected cash flows appear
reasonable and the performance of restructured loans appears to be holding up
well.
Loan loss reserve coverage reached 52% of impaired
loans at end-September 2017, low compared with the average for large Nigerian
banks peers (around 90%). Unreserved impaired loans represented 36% of Fitch
Core Capital (FCC). FBNH's capital ratios are low compared with peers and
capital weakness has a high influence on the ratings.
FBNH's margins are in line with peer averages and
cost/income ratios are reasonable, considering the bank's large branch network.
FBN's ability to generate revenues at pre-impairment operating level is strong,
but high impairment charges have impacted earnings and profitability in 2016
and 2017.
The structure of FBNH's funding base is credit
positive. Stable customer deposits, largely held at FBN and demonstrating
considerable stability, represent around two-thirds of FBNH's total deposits.
FBNH's funding costs are lower than peers, reflecting FBN's strong retail franchise.
Local currency liquidity ratios are consistently well above minimum regulatory
limits.
Foreign currency(FC)-denominated borrowings, which
represent around 5% of total funding, mainly comprise two Eurobond issues,
maturing in August 2020 and July 2021. Access to international capital markets
can be unsteady for Nigerian banks, exposing them to refinancing risks, but
international banks continued to lend to FBN throughout 2016 when several
Nigerian banks experienced tight FC liquidity positions. This is an indication
of market confidence in the group which we view positively.
The Negative Outlook reflects pressure on capital
arising from a still large amount of unreserved impaired loans.
FBNH's and FBN's National Ratings reflect their
creditworthiness relative to the country's best credit and relative to peers
operating in Nigeria.
Support Rating And Support Rating Floor
Fitch believes that sovereign support to Nigerian
banks cannot be relied on given Nigeria's (B+/Negative) weak ability to provide
support, particularly in FC. In addition, there are no clear messages from the
authorities regarding their willingness to support the banking system.
Therefore, the Support Rating Floor of all Nigerian banks is 'No Floor' and all
Support Ratings are '5'. This reflects our view that senior creditors cannot
rely on receiving full and timely extraordinary support from the Nigerian
sovereign if any of the banks become non-viable.
Subordinated Debt
The subordinated debt issued by FBN Finance B.V.,
a special purpose company established by the group for the purpose of debt
issuance, is rated one notch below FBN's VR. Recoveries on the notes in the
event of default are considered to be below average, as evidenced by a Recovery
Rating (RR) of 'RR5'.
Rating Sensitivities
IDRS, National Ratings and VR
FBN's and FBNH's ratings are primarily sensitive
to a change in the level of loan loss reserve cover. At present, unreserved
impaired loans weigh on capital adequacy and this has a high influence on the
ratings. Once asset quality trends demonstrate sustained improvement, loan loss
reserves cover a larger proportion of impaired loans, and assuming the
operating environment does not deteriorate, the Outlook on the ratings would no
longer be Negative and upgrades could be envisaged. If key weaknesses are
addressed, FBNH and FBN could achieve multi-notch upgrades because their
ratings are well below their natural levels considering FBN's size and position
within Nigeria's banking sector.
A downgrade could result from further weakness in
already limited capital buffers, which could threaten FBN's viability. Given
the positive trends in asset quality improvement and capital retention, this is
not our base case.
Support Rating And Support Rating Floor
The SR is potentially sensitive to any change in
assumptions around the propensity or ability of the sovereign to provide timely
support to the bank.
Subordinated Debt
Ratings assigned to the subordinated notes are on
Rating Watch Positive (RWP). If modifiers are introduced to the 'CCC' IDR
category, as proposed by Fitch's exposure draft on Global Banking Criteria
published on 12 December 2017, the subordinated notes would be rated 'CCC+',
maintaining the one-notch differential with FBN's VR.
The rating actions are as follows:
FBN Holdings Plc and First Bank of Nigeria
Long-Term IDRs affirmed at 'B-'; Outlook Negative
Short-term IDRs affirmed at 'B'
Viability Ratings affirmed at 'b-'
National Long-Term Ratings: affirmed at BB+(nga)'
Short-Term National Ratings affirmed at 'B(nga)'
Support Ratings affirmed at '5'
Support Rating Floors affirmed at 'NF'
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