Nigeria Economy | |
Nigeria Economy | |
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Wednesday, July
08, 2020 09:00 AM / by NBS/ Header Image Credit: NBS
Between
September of 2018 and October of 2019, the National Bureau of Statistics of
Nigeria (NBS) collected the household data for the Nigeria Living Standards
Survey (NLSS). NLSS 2018-19 is the first large scale household survey in a
decade, focusing on measuring living conditions of the population.
The
main objectives of the NLSS 2018-19 are: i) to provide critical
information for production of a wide range of socio-economic and
demographic indicators, including for benchmarking and monitoring of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); ii) to monitor progress in population's
welfare; iii) to provide statistical evidence and measure the impact on
households of current and anticipated government policies. In addition, the
NLSS 2018-19 could be utilized to improve other non-survey statistical
information, e.g. to determine and calibrate the contribution of final
consumption expenditures of households to GDP; to update the weights and
determine the basket for the national Consumer Price Index (CPI); to improve the
methodology and dissemination of micro-economic and welfare statistics in the
country.
The
NLSS collected a comprehensive and diverse set of socio-economic and
demographic data pertaining to the basic needs and conditions under which
households live on a day to day basis. The NLSS questionnaire includes the
wide-ranging modules, covering demographic indicators, education, health,
labor, expenditures on food and non-food goods, non-farm enterprises, household
assets and durables, access to safety nets, housing conditions, economic
shocks, exposure to crime and farm production indicators.
Several
important methodological improvements were implemented in the NLSS 2018-19
compared to the last official survey from 2009-10. First, the NLSS was designed
and collected using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) software on
tablet devices. This significantly improved the quality and speed of data
collection and processing. Second, by administering a seven-day recall food
consumption module instead of a month-long diary (as was done previously), the
survey improved the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of collecting food
expenditures data. In addition, extra effort was made to measure food
quantities where households used non-standard units of measurement, resulting
in better quantification of food consumption.
These
improvements in questionnaire design and survey implementation techniques have
produced overall high-quality data. With the support of the World Bank, the NBS
adopted the best practices in the collection and processing of the NLSS
household data. As is often the case, making such improvements and achieving
high standards in survey implementation often comes at the expense of
comparability with past survey rounds. Recognizing the benefits that come with
a better survey infrastructure, a deliberate decision was made to use the NLSS
2018-19 as a new and improved baseline for Nigeria's living standards survey
system.
This
report consists of two parts: it starts by describing the design, implementation
process and quality assurance of NLSS 2018-19. This is followed by a set of
tables, which provide comprehensive picture of households' living conditions
across multiple dimensions: demographic, education, health, employment,
non-farm activities, living amenities and infrastructure etc. The report aims
at providing the policy makers and other stakeholders with multidimensional
data to understand the factors affecting observed social and economic outcomes
in the country.
The
sample of enumeration areas (EA) for the NLSS 2018-19 were drawn from the
National Integrated Household Surveys (NISH2) master sample that has the
state-level domains. Using the NISH2 master sample, 60 EAs were selected in
each of the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). A fresh
household listing was conducted in each EA, from which 10 households were
randomly selected in each EA to be interviewed. The listing was conducted on a
quarterly basis (approximately every 3 months) with the 60 EAs in each state
being systemically allocated to a quarter to ensure broad coverage of the state
in each quarter. Compared to a one-time listing at the beginning of the survey,
a quarterly listing helps to minimizing attrition of households due to
relocation.
The
initial NLSS sample of 22,200 households from the 36 states and FCT, was set to
be interviewed over a 12-month period, such that each month, approximately 50
households were to be interviewed. The response rate of households was high,
above 93 percent in every state and about 98 percent overall. The final sample
comprised of 22,110 households, with much of the difference from initial sample
due to security challenges in the state of Borno and subsequent under coverage
of the sample in that state.
The
sample was designed to provide robust estimates of population's living
standards, focusing on household expenditures and poverty headcount ratios with
margin of errors on average of 2 percent at national level and below 10 percent
at the state levels. Thus, the sample is representative at the state, zonal and
national levels. Although the sample is not explicitly stratified by urban and
rural areas, it is possible to obtain urban and rural estimates from the NLSS
data at the national level.
Household
level weights were calculated according to the selection probability of the EAs
and the households. After adjusting for nonresponse, the weights were then
calibrated to 2019 total population estimates in each state (excluding Borno).
It
is important to note that estimates presented in this report exclude the state
of Borno. While the NLSS 2018-19 collected information from households in
Borno, that sample was not representative of the whole state since only
households from accessible areas were interviewed. The security situation in
Borno was too unstable at the time of the survey, preventing the interviewers
from safely visiting all areas in the state. The sample of EAs for Borno were
selected from among the subset of EAs in the frame that were classified as "accessible". Thus, the Borno sample is considered non-representative and
not comparable to other states.
The
preparation and implementation of the NLSS took place over an extended period.
Design of the questionnaire commenced in 2015. As part of the questionnaire
design and quality control process, pretest and pilot exercises were conducted.
The pretest was conducted in December 2016 in one urban and one rural EA within
the FCT. Due to logistical challenges, however, the main survey
preparatory activities did not follow immediately after the pretest exercise. A
more extensive pilot was conducted in June 2018 in four states - Delta, Kogi,
Bauchi and Lagos. The EAs included in the pilot exercise were not part of the
original EAs selected for the main survey. Lessons from the pilot exercise
helped shape the questionnaire and CAPI application, as well as logistics for
the main fieldwork exercise.
Following
completion of the pilot, two levels of training were implemented for the main
survey. The first level training (training of trainers) was held for
trainers/monitors, while the second level training (training of interviewers)
occurred for the NBS field personnel who would conduct the survey. At the end
of each training, participants were examined, and the best candidates were
selected to participate in the main fieldwork. The World Bank technical
missions also provided support during the first and second level trainings and
throughout the entire survey process.
The
main survey data collection commenced in September 2018 and lasted 12 months.
There was one data collection team per state comprising three interviewers and
a supervisor. Each team traveled to an EA, interviewed all selected households,
conducted community interviews, and then moved to the next EA. The order in
which the EAs were covered was predetermined and randomized in order to provide
more uniform coverage of the state throughout the fieldwork period. Except for
scheduled breaks, the teams were in the field throughout the duration of the
survey. Breaks in the fieldwork occurred in the holiday period of late
December/early January as well as during the general elections held in February
2019.
To
ensure that high quality data was collected, multiple levels of monitoring
(in-person and remote) were implemented by both NBS and the World Bank
throughout the data collection period. During the in-person field monitoring,
the NBS monitors observed interviews, conducted spot-checks, addressed any
issues that the team had, as well as filtered more substantial issues to
headquarters for necessary action. In addition to the in-person monitoring,
there was also extensive remote monitoring conducted by the NBS ICT team and
the World Bank technical team. The remote monitoring included case-by-case
review of each incoming interview as well as global checks for consistency,
errors, and outliers. Feedback from the remote monitoring was re-routed to the
field teams to be addressed.
The 2018/19 NLSS was
conducted using the Survey Solutions Computer Assisted Person Interview (CAPI)
platform. The Survey Solutions software was developed and maintained by the
Development Economics Data Group (DECDG) at the World Bank. Each interviewer
and supervisor were given a tablet which they used to conduct the interviews.
Overall, implementation of the survey using Survey Solutions CAPI was highly
successful, as it allowed for timely availability of the data from completed
interviews and real-time quality checks.
A
detailed information on sampling, weights, fieldwork and quality assurance
measures is provided in the Basic Information Document published along with
NLSS 2018-19 database.
Click Here to Download 2018-19
NLSS PDF Report
Latest
2020 NBS Reports
Q3 2020
1.
Active Voice Subscription Grew By 2.48% in Q1 2020 - NBS
Q2 2020
1.
5.26bn Litres of PMS Imported Into
Nigeria in Q1 2020 - NBS
2.
All Commodity Group Import Index
Decreased By 0.84% in Q1 2020
3.
Average
Price of 1kg of Rice Increased By 28.18% YoY in May 2020 - NBS
4.
Average Fare Paid By Commuters for Bus
Journey Within City Decreased By -0.56% MoM in May 2020 - NBS
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Average Prices of PMS, AGO, HHK and Cooking Gas - May 2020
6.
Headline Inflation Increases By 12.40% YoY In May 2020; 0.06% Higher
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7.
Nigeria's Merchandise Trade Slowed in Q1 2020 Due to Declines in Both
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11,072 Road Traffic Crashes Occurred
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9.
FAAC
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10. FAAC Disburses N581.57bn in March 2020 - NBS
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14. Nigeria's
GDP Grew By 1.87% YoY in Real Terms in Q1 2020
15. Average Prices of PMS, AGO, HHK and Cooking Gas - April 2020
16. N1.33trn Generated As IGR in 2019 - NBS
17. Headline Inflation Increases By 12.34% YoY In April 2020; 0.08% Higher
Than March 2020 Rate
18. 20.89bn Litres of PMS Imported Into Nigeria in 2019 - NBS
19. N338.94bn Generated As VAT in Q1 2020 - NBS
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2019 - NBS
21. Poverty and Inequality in Nigeria 2019: 40% of Total Population
Classified as Poor
22. GDP By Income and Expenditure
Approach Q4 2019 - Household Final Consumption Declined by -2.40%
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2020
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MoM in March 2020
25. Average
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26. Headline Inflation Increases By 12.26% YoY In March 2020; 0.06% Higher
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1.
Banking Sector Records 893.68m Volume of Transaction in Q4 2019 - NBS
2.
Active Voice Subscription Grew By 3.08% in Q4 2019 - NBS
3.
All Commodity Group Import Index Fell by 3.27% Due Mainly to Declines in
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4.
Average Prices of 1kg of Tomato Decreased By -10.65% YoY to N237.22 in
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5.
Average Fare Paid By Commuters For Bus Journey Intercity Increased By
0.91% MoM in February 2020
6.
Average Prices Of PMS, AGO, HHK and Cooking Gas - February 2020
7.
Headline Inflation Increases By 12.20% YoY In February 2020; 0.07%
Higher Than January 2020 Rate
8.
FAAC Disburses N716.30bn in January 2020 - NBS
9.
FAAC Disburses N2.93trn to FG in 2019 - NBS
10. Total Value of Capital Imported in Q4 2019 Stood At $3,802.38m - NBS
11.
FAAC Disburses N650.83bn in December 2019 - NBS
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13. Nigeria's GDP Grew By 2.55% in Real Terms in Q4 2019 and 2.27% in Full
Year 2019
14. Average
Prices of 1kg of Tomato Decreased By -10.65% YoY to N237.22 in Jan 2020 - NBS
15. Average
Prices Of PMS, AGO, HHK and Cooking Gas - January 2020
16. Headline Inflation Increases By 12.13% YoY In January 2020; 0.15% Higher
Than December 2019 Rate
17. N293.80bn Generated as IGR in Q3 2019 - NBS
18. Nigeria's Total Public Debt Stood At N26.14trn in Q3 2019 - NBS
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Intercity Fare Increases By 1.43% MoM To N1, 666.57 In December 2019
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December 2019
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Commodity Group Index Grew By 2.48% in Q3 2019
22. Average Prices Of PMS, AGO, HHK and Cooking Gas -
December 2019
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