| Nigeria Economy |    1567 VIEWS  |
| Nigeria Economy | |
| 1567 VIEWS | |
 |
Thursday,
April 16, 2020 /04:47 PM / by NOVA Merchant Bank / Header
Image Credit: Ecographics
In our first assessment of the impact of Covid-19 on
economic growth we had assumed that the pandemic will be contained without risk
of government implementing measures that will severely restrict economic
activity for a sustained period of time (at the time, reported cases in Nigeria
were just 3). We have decanted our assumption of in-built resilience, revised
downward our GDP growth forecasts and present our new base case, which is for a
contraction in economic activities. The new and old forecasts are presented in
Figure 1 below. By our estimate, GDP grew by 1.6% YoY over the first quarter of
2020 compared to our estimate of 1.8% YoY last month. The downgrade to growth
in the first quarter emanated from the disruption in supply chains - which we
believe affected both manufacturing and trade activities, especially in the
last month of the quarter - and downward revision of Q1 oil production average
to 2.0mbpd (+1.16% YoY) from 2.1mbpd (+4.35 YoY).
The downward adjustment to growth for the rest of the
year relative to our prior estimate is due to a number of factors. Firstly,
coming into the year we had expressed optimism regarding outputs from the oil
and gas sector. Despite the planned OPEC cut which started in January, we
stated that Nigeria’s compliance to the cut would be doubtful and modelled
average crude oil production of 2.1mbpd. With the sudden turn of events amidst
diminishing viability of some expensive wells, we believe compliance to the
recent OPEC+ agreement is necessary even if minimal. Compared to the stipulated
cut of 1.41mbpd, we estimate average crude oil production of 1.57mbpd which
combined with condensates should average 1.85mbpd compared to Q1 20 average of
2.03mbpd.
Second,
while a large fraction of the formal sector continues to operate sub-optimally,
the informal sector has been completely shut down. The Informal Sector
comprises any economic activity or source of income that is not fully regulated
by the government and other public authorities. This includes subsistence
farmers, small scale manufacturers and service providers (e.g. hairdressers,
private taxi drivers, and carpenters), etc. According to the IMF, the IS
accounted for ~65% of Nigeria’s 2017 GDP. Beyond actual shutdown of activities
in the informal sector, the income to participants in that sector has been
materially hampered with a transmission to lower consumption and demand.
Accordingly, we note that with the lockdown and further extension, a large
proportion of the economy would have been thrown into dire straits, especially
with the absence of safety nets.
Third, compared to our earlier estimate wherein we
only modelled the impact of the supply chains disruptions on manufacturing
activities with a translation to trade activities, we now see the lockdown
having a more telling impact on actual production. Also, the extension of the
lockdown by another two weeks, suggests little to no economic activities all
through the month of April.
Fourth, while 3 states where announced by the federal
government for official lockdown, more states have voluntarily adopted similar
approaches, albeit with less impact on economic activities. Interestingly, at
the time of announcing the lockdown on Sunday (29th March), Ogun state was
added with just 3 cases recorded (with 111 cases in total across 11 states). As
at 15th of April, the number of cases in other states e.g. Osun, Kano, Edo,
Oyo, Katsina, Bauchi, Kaduna and Akwa Ibom have exceeded the level in Ogun when
the first phase of the lockdown was implemented. Also, compared to the first
phase of the lockdown, Nigeria now has 407 cases across 20 states. As such,
with rising number of cases, the likelihood of restriction of economic
activities extending beyond the month of April and lockdown being implemented
in more states is not so farfetched.
Fifth,
even with our expectation of the lockdown being relaxed at the end of April
with strict rules on social distancing, the return to full-fledged economic
activities might remain slow as complete containment without major escalation
of Covid-19 could extend until the end of Q2 2020. As such, we see the second
round effects of the economic disruption in the form of higher unemployment,
weaker capital spending, materially lower consumption demand, corporate
defaults and even more significant supply-side disruptions.
In all,
compared to our prior estimate of a deceleration in GDP to 2.0%, we now see the
economy contracting 1.6% YoY on our baseline scenario. Particularly, we expect
the economy to enter a recession by the third quarter of the year, as we see
GDP contracting for the remaining quarters of the year relative to the prior
year. Our most positive scenario assumes that both fiscal and monetary measures
will be sufficient to provide a fast reboot to the economy, complete
containment of Covid-19 by the end of May and limited compliance with the OPEC+
cut. For the negative scenario, we assume that ongoing fiscal and monetary
measures will be insufficient to provide necessary jolt for a fast restart of
the economy. In this scenario, we expect a more telling impact of the second
round effects of the economic disruption in the form of massive layoffs in the
formal sector, corporate defaults, tightening of financial conditions and
weaker capital spending.
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